Therefore, if the visual system incorrectly assesses depth, it will wrongly infer the proportion of retinal motion that arises due to self-motion. The retinal motion experienced by a moving observer is subject to motion parallax, which follows an inverse relationship between an object’s retinal speed and depth: observer movement relative to a faraway stationary object fixed in the world will generate a slower retinal motion than if the object were closer. To correctly factor out the observer’s self-motion from the object’s retinal motion and accurately perceive world-relative object motion, the visual system must account for the object’s depth. ![]() Suppression shifts the direction signaled by the MT population toward the world-relative direction (dark orange, right panel). MSTd cells that respond to the observer’s self-motion send feedback to suppress MT cells (light blue region, right panel) that signal the retinal motion (light orange region, right panel) consistent with the preferred MSTd tuning (open arrows, left panel). The call-out on the right is a polar plot showing direction responses to the moving object. (b) Neural algorithm proposed by Layton & Fajen to recover world-relative object motion. The visual system could recover the world-relative motion of objects (red arrow, left and right panels), by subtracting the self-motion component (center panel) from the retinal pattern (left panel). The retinal motion (blue, left panel) is the sum of motion created through self-motion relative to world-fixed stationary environment (center panel) and the motion created by objects that move independently from the observer (red, right panel). (a) Optic flow components on the retina of a mobile observer. The funders did not play a role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files.įunding: OWL was supported by the Office of Naval Research (N0-0359 and N0-2283). ![]() Received: JanuAccepted: SeptemPublished: November 14, 2019Ĭopyright: © 2019 Layton, Niehorster. The enhanced self-motion estimates emerged from recurrent feedback connections in MST and allowed the model to better suppress the appropriate direction, speed, and disparity signals from the object’s retinal motion, improving the accuracy of the object’s movement direction represented by motion signals.Ĭitation: Layton OW, Niehorster DC (2019) A model of how depth facilitates scene-relative object motion perception. Our simulations show how precise depth information, such as that from binocular disparity, may improve estimates of the retinal motion pattern due the self-motion through increased selectivity among units that respond to the global self-motion pattern. We tested the model by comparing simulated object motion signals to human object motion judgments in environments with monocular, binocular, and ambiguous depth. We developed a neural model to investigate whether cells in areas MT and MST with well-established neurophysiological properties can account for human object motion judgments during self-motion. The underlying neural mechanisms are unknown, but neurons in brain areas MT and MST may contribute given their sensitivity to motion parallax and depth through joint direction, speed, and disparity tuning. There is strong evidence that the brain compensates by suppressing the retinal motion due to self-motion, however, this requires estimates of depth relative to the object-otherwise the appropriate self-motion component to remove cannot be determined. ![]() ![]() Self-motion, however, complicates object motion perception because it generates a global pattern of motion on the observer’s retina and radically influences an object’s retinal motion. Many everyday interactions with moving objects benefit from an accurate perception of their movement.
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